Skip to main content
Two bright blue devils hole pupfish swimming in water

Devils Hole Pupfish

The Devils Hole Pupfish is a tiny fish, growing to about 1 inch long. Males are a bright, shimmering blue, while females are yellow-brown.
SCIENTIFIC NAME
Cyprinodon diabolis
CLASSIFICATION
Fish
STATE CONSERVATION STATUS
  • Priority Species
FEDERAL CONSERVATION STATUS
Endangered
GAME STATUS
Non-Game
GAME TYPE
None
Looking down into Devils Hole, a rectangular shaped body of water down a rock chute.
Fenced in area on a desert road in front of a mountain.
Four bright blue devils hole pupfish in water
Two bright blue devils hole pupfish swimming in water
bright blue devils hole pupfish in water with detritus in the water.
  1. Washoe
  2. Humboldt
  3. Pershing
  4. Churchill
  5. Mineral
  6. Lyon
  7. Douglas
  8. Carson City
  9. Storey
  1. Elko
  2. Lander
  3. Eureka
  4. White Pine
  1. Esmeralda
  2. Nye
  3. Lincoln
  4. Clark

Habitat & Range

The distribution of the Devils Hole Pupfish is restricted solely to a relatively small, isolated limestone shelf in Devils Hole, Nye County, Nevada.

  • Caves

Threats

  • Habitat Loss
  • Humans
  • Water Diversion

The Devils Hole Pupfish can spawn year-round, which helps maintain their tiny population. They primarily feed on algae that grows on the limestone shelf of Devils Hole, but they will also eat small invertebrates such as amphipods and protozoans. Despite their small size, these fish are remarkably adapted to survive in the warm, low-oxygen waters of their unique desert pool.

Fun Facts

The Devils Hole Pupfish is one of the world’s rarest fishes and can only be found within Devils Hole. The majority of its feeding and breeding activity occurs on a 215 square foot shelf within Devils Hole.
Looking down into Devils Hole, a rectangular shaped body of water down a rock chute.